Effect of biosecurity-based interventions on broiler crude mortality rate at an early stage of production in the small-scale farming system in Bangladesh.

Abstract

Biosecurity-based interventions are important health strategies for the control of infectious disease and improve productivity in broiler. There are various reasons why broilers die at the early stages of production; however, biosecurity measures are crucial in reducing the risk of disease prevalence and can therefore affect the overall deaths in a flock for a specific period (crude mortality rate [CMR]). This study was designed to determine the current biosecurity situation on small-scale broiler farms in Bangladesh and its relationship to the CMR during the early stages of production. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on small-scale broiler farms (N=57) located in peri-urban areas of Chattogram and Pabna districts of Bangladesh. Descriptive and predictive statistical analyses were performed to estimate the frequency of categorical variables and their effect on CMR. The findings indicated that around 80% of small-scale broiler farms lacked adequate biosecurity measures. Both on day 1 (p=0.012) and on days 2-14 (p=0.003), flocks with inadequate biosecurity had considerably higher median CMRs. Farms that were near the neighbourhood used wood shavings as bedding, offered tube well/shallow well or supply line water, maintained a brief empty period (≤5 days) before introducing new flocks and began using antibiotics on day 1 all had significantly higher CMR at both days 1 and 2-14. The findings point to the necessity of implementing stringent biosecurity measures in broiler production in locations where there is a shortage, which can lower the burden of arbitrary antibiotic usage and will lower total production costs due to crude mortality and management-related issues.