Abstract
Investigate the activity of high and low molecular weight biomolecules present in the matrix of human calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones not only on the initial mineral phase formation of calcium and phosphate (CaP) but also on its growth and demineralization of the preformed mineral phase. Surgically removed renal stones were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and only CaOx stones were extracted with 0.05M EGTA, 1 mM PMSF and 1% Β-mercaptoethanol. Renal CaOx stone extract was separated into > 10 kDa and < 10 kDa fractions by dialysis. Activity of both the fractions along with whole extract was studied on the three mineral phases of CaP assay system. It was interesting to observe that both high and low molecular weight biomolecules extracted from human renal matrix of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones exhibited different roles in the three mineral phases of CaP. Whole extract exhibited inhibitory activity in all the three assay systems; however, mixed (stimulatory and inhibitory) activity was exhibited by the > 10 kDa and < 10 kDa fractions. SDS-PAGE analysis showed bands of 66 kDa, 80 kDa, 42 kDa in whole EGTA extract lane and > 10 kDa fraction lane. Both high and low molecular weight biomolecules extracted from human renal matrix of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones have a significant influence on calcium and phosphate (CaP) crystallization.
Highlights
Often calcium oxalate stones are mixed with various percentages of apatite or brushite, and some studies have shown that apatite is the principal component of Randall’s plaque and the primary nidus at which calcium oxalate stones grow [1,2]
He found that these crystals were composed not of calcium oxalate, the most common solid phase found in patients with nephrolithiasis, but of calcium phosphate
The 98.97% of phosphate ion inhibition was exhibited by the whole renal stone extract, 85.9% by > 10 kDa and 92.09% by < 10 kDa fraction on in vitro homogenous assay system of calcium phosphate (Figure-1A)
Summary
Often calcium oxalate stones are mixed with various percentages of apatite or brushite, and some studies have shown that apatite is the principal component of Randall’s plaque and the primary nidus at which calcium oxalate stones grow [1,2]. A. Randall demonstrated that interstitial crystals located at, or adjacent to, the papillary tip, Randall’s plaques, were common in stone formers. Randall demonstrated that interstitial crystals located at, or adjacent to, the papillary tip, Randall’s plaques, were common in stone formers He found that these crystals were composed not of calcium oxalate, the most common solid phase found in patients with nephrolithiasis, but of calcium phosphate. He believed that the calcium phosphate crystals formed in the papillary interstitium and eroded into the urinary space, serving as a heterogeneous nucleation surface for calcium oxalate [4]. The aim of the present work was to study the activity of biomolecules present in the organic matrix of calcium oxalate on calcium phosphate crystallization
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