EFFECT OF BIOMASS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGE ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GENOTYPES

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of location, genotypes and the interaction of location x genotypes on biomass, canopy temperature, yield and some of the quality traits of the bread wheat genotypes under field conditions. Thus, it was established with 25 genotypes in randomized completely blocks design with 4 replications at 3 locations in Trakya Region, Turkey, in 2013-2014 growing season. Grain yield, biomass, canopy temperature, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, and relationship among these characters were investigated. For determining biomass of the genotypes, data was taken at three plant growth stages; tillering, shooting and heading. Combined analysis of variance across three locations revealed highly significant variation among wheat genotypes for grain yield, biomass of stem elongation, heading stage and canopy temperature. The mean yield of the genotypes was 723.0 kg da-1, and the highest yields were obtained from Entry 22 with 826.3 kg da-1. The highest biomass was scaled in Entry-9 during threeplant growth stages. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between grain yield and biomass in tillering, shooting, and heading growth stages of the genotypes. These results indicated that higher biomass at early plant growth stage was more significant for yield potential. There was detected slightly negative relationship between canopy temperature and biomass, and grain yield. It could be that the canopy temperatures of genotypes were measured lower during the increasing of biomass in plant development. During tillering stage, higher biomass promoted to plant height and positively affected protein ratio, values of gluten and sedimentation. In shooting phase of genotypes, biomass positively affected and increased in 1000-kernel weight, protein ratio, gluten value and sedimentation value, as well. But increasing in biomass during heading stage, negatively affected and decreased in canopy temperature, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein ratio, gluten index and sedimentation value.