Abstract
Biochar is generally accepted and increasingly valued in scientific circles as solid products in the thermochemical conversion of biomass, mainly because of its rich carbon content. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of biochar from different sources on wheat growth. In particular, this work focused on the effect of different preparation methods and raw material of biochar on the growth of wheat and aim to find a potential soil substitute that can be used for crop cultivation. Two synthetic methods were evaluated: hydrothermal conversion and pyrolysis. The characterization of biochar was determined to explore the impact of its microstructure on wheat growth. The results show that the yield of biochar produced from high-pressure reactor is significantly higher than that obtained by using microwave reactor. For example, the biochar yield obtained through the former is about six times that of the latter when using steamed bread cooked as biomass raw material. In addition, the growth trend of wheat indicates that biochar has different promoting effects on the growth of wheat in its weight and height. The pyrolyzed carbon is more suitable for wheat growth and is even more effective than soil, indicating that pyrolyzed biochar has more potential to be an alternative soil in the future. Moreover, this research tries to explore the reasons that affect crop growth by characterizing biochar (including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), biofilm electrostatic test (BET) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)). The results indicate that the biochar containing more pits and less hydroxyl functional are more suitable for storing moisture, which is one of the significant factors in the growth of crops. This study provides evidence of the effects of biochar on crop growth, both in terms of microstructure and macroscopic growth trends, which provides significant benefits for biochar to grow crops or plants.
Highlights
We have studied the differences in the yield of biochar produced from various food waste using different thermal conversion methods
Regarding the effect of different food waste and thermal processing methods on the yield of biochar, it may be concluded that different raw materials have a huge impact on the yield of biochar, and the yield of biochar obtained by HPR method is significantly higher than that produced by MW method
From the perspective of wheat growth trends, cooked soybeans processed by the pyrolysis method are suitable for the production that can be used as a substitute for soil
Summary
Namely bio-oils, can be conveniently produced by methods such as pyrolysis and hydrothermal conversion (HTC), which are considered as substitutes for petroleum fuels and can be further extracted from high-value chemicals [5,6] Biochar, as another essential product produced by biomass conversion, has received increasingly attention in scientific circles due to its rich carbon content [7]. The development of biochar as a soil amendment can neutralize acidic soils, increase water holding capacity and fix microorganisms, and provide essential trace elements for plants [10] This solid product can be used to treat sewage containing heavy metals due to its fluffy and porous nature [11]
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