Abstract
Calcium ions and phosphate ions are usually present in biological organisms and human bodies. Different ratios of calcium to phosphorus result in different types of calcium-to-phosphorus crystals. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main component of human hard bony tissues. It has good biocompatibility and is often used in bone repair. With the addition of cobalt ions, it can act as a hypoxia-inducing factor to accelerate the regeneration of hard bony tissues. At present, the laser-assisted biomimetic (LAB) method can very quickly deposit calcium phosphate coatings, which can be used on polymer and titanium surfaces. In this study, we first used anodization treatment (with TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs)), alkali treatment (with NaOH), and acid treatment (with HCl) to form nanopore structures on titanium surfaces in the laboratory. Subsequently, LAB treatment was used to deposit calcium phosphate and cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite onto titanium pieces with different surface treatments. The results showed that smaller holes resulted in better deposition (TNTs), and controlling the pH value in the solution changed the crystal morphology. LAB treatment imbued the titanium surface with super-hydrophilic properties and improved biocompatibility. A human osteoblast cell line (MG-63) used for the cell viability test showed that LAB treatment can improve cell growth. In particular, TNT-CoHA (cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite) cells grew the best. Immersion in simulated bodily fluid confirmed that LAB treatment with a CoHA solution improved the hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and bioactivity of titanium surfaces. It is hoped that this study provides useful information for surface coating of biomedical materials in the future.
Highlights
Calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings are osteoconductive and are widely used in orthopedics and dental implants to increase osseointegration between the implant and hard bone [1]
Susmita Bose et al reported that the calcium phosphate (CaP) coating formed on the porous titanium surface can reduce the healing time by early enhance osseointegration in the body [2]
This study investigated whether changes in the surface morphology and elemental composition of titanium after different surface treatment procedures will affect laser-assisted biomimetic (LAB) coatings
Summary
Calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings are osteoconductive and are widely used in orthopedics and dental implants to increase osseointegration between the implant and hard bone [1]. Susmita Bose et al reported that the calcium phosphate (CaP) coating formed on the porous titanium surface can reduce the healing time by early enhance osseointegration in the body [2]. Previous studies showed that cobalt-substituted hydroxyapatite (CoHA) has good biological activity and can induce bone growth [8]. This study investigated whether changes in the surface morphology and elemental composition of titanium after different surface treatment procedures (anodization, alkali treatment, and acid treatment) will affect LAB coatings. We used CaP and CoHA solutions with the LAB method to observe whether the structure and composition of the mineralized layer on the surface were affected, and we analyzed cell viability to evaluate the biocompatibility of test pieces. This study is expected to provide useful information for developing bone repair material coatings
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