Abstract
Bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara) is a valuable ornamental and medicinal perennial. To date, there are few studies focused on cryopreservation of this species, although it could be useful in storage and breeding. This research is aimed at analyzing the effect of bead composition, type of plant vitrification solution (PVS), and the recovery medium of cryopreservation of bleeding heart. Shoot tips of L. spectabilis ‘Valentine’ were used in the study. The explants were precultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS; 1962), supplemented with 9% sucrose, 1.0-mg·L−1 kinetin (KIN), and 2.62-mg·L−1 abscisic acid. Next, in the first experiment, the shoot tips were embedded in 3% calcium alginate, based either on an MS medium or distilled sterile water. The produced synseeds were inoculated on the recovery medium with 3.0-mg·L−1 KIN, 0.5-mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), or cytokinin–free control. Based on the results of the first study, in the second experiment, precultured shoot tips were embedded in 3% calcium alginate based on MS medium and dehydrated with PVS2 or PVS3 for various durations. The pre-treated explants were plunged in liquid nitrogen and, after rewarming, inoculated on the recovery MS medium with 0.5-mg·L−1 BA. PVS3 was more effective in securing the shoot tips than PVS2. The highest recovery level (68.3%) was reported after a 150-min pretreatment with PVS3. Explants from this experimental combination also proliferated the highest number of shoots, as well as those with the greatest length. On the other hand, a higher share of dry weight was found in PVS2-derived shoots (13.5–18.2%) compared with plants produced after PVS3 treatment (10.6–11.4%). The obtained results here can serve as a good basis for further studies related to synthetic seeds and cryopreservation of bleeding heart.
Highlights
The bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara) is a root perennial from the familyFumariaceae, originating in China and Japan [1]
Despite the presence of KIN in the medium, precultured shoot tips developed slower compared with nodal segments grown on the standard MS medium with 3% sucrose, which develop a visible leaf after one week of culture (Figure 1a,b)
MS media with 0.5-mg·L−1 BA or 3.0-mg·L−1 KIN or plant growth regulators (PGRs)-free control, respectively, after 25 (e) and 45 (c,d) days; (f) viable but not growing shoot tip encapsulated in 3%
Summary
The bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara) is a root perennial from the familyFumariaceae, originating in China and Japan [1]. The bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara) is a root perennial from the family. It owes its name to the extraordinary shape of the flowers, which look like a heart with a variety of colors from white through pink to red. In nature, it can be found in the forests of North America and Asia where it forms magnificent clumps. There are just a few studies related to biotechnology and tissue culture of bleeding heart [4,5,6]. In-vivo cultivation of L. spectabilis is hampered by weeds, numerous pathogens, and pests, i.e., thrips (Thripidae), whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), slugs and snails (Gastropoda), Fusarium spp., fungal leaf spots (Stemphyllium), southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers.), tobacco rattle tobravirus (which is the most devastating among viruses), tobacco ringspot nepovirus, Agronomy 2020, 10, 891; doi:10.3390/agronomy10060891 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy
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