Abstract
In order to maximize the use of renewable-based distributed generators (DGs), in addition to dealing with the effects of the inherent power management uncertainties of microgrids (MGs), applying storage devices is essential in the electrical system. The main goal of this paper is to minimize the total operation cost as well as the emissions of MG energy resources, alongside the better utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems. The uncertainties of wind speed, solar irradiation, market price and electrical load demand are modeled using reduced unscented transformation (RUT) method. Simulation results reveal that, as expected, by increasing the battery efficiency, the achievable minimum daily operational cost of the system is reduced. For example, with 93% battery efficiency, the operational cost equals EUR 9200, while for an efficiency of 97%, the achievable minimum daily operational cost is EUR 8900. Moreover, the proper economic/environmental performance of the suggested approach, which contributes to the possibility of selecting a compromise solution for the MG operator in accordance with technical and economic constraints, is justified.
Highlights
In order to fulfill the increasing energy demand and to mitigate the environmental concerns related to energy generation from fossil fuels, the development of renewable energy sources (RES) has been expedited [1,2,3,4,5]
A review of different storage technologies and some major storage devices that are used in MGs were deliberated in [3,4], respectively
Degrada- In Section 6, in Section is devoted presentation the applied tion cost of the is addedfor tosolving the operational cost the system inexplained
Summary
In order to fulfill the increasing energy demand and to mitigate the environmental concerns related to energy generation from fossil fuels, the development of RESs has been expedited [1,2,3,4,5]. A variety of methodologies were suggested in the literature to solve the multi-objective problems related to energy systems, including programming-based optimization approaches and meta-heuristic algorithms [5]. In order to deal with grid-connected MG optimal energy management, the authors in [24] applied a GA algorithm, while in [6], a modified multi-objective bird-mating optimization algorithm was applied to minimize operational cost and emissions. An RUT-EMOJAYA algorithm is proposed to tackle the probabilistic economic/emission optimal operation of renewable-based MGs. The effectiveness of the proposed RUT-EMOJAYA algorithm in solving probabilistic MG’s MOOM problem is verified by applying the method on the low-voltage, grid-connected MG of Figure 1, including five DG units, i.e., PV, WT, FC and MT, along with a battery as the storage device of the test system [30].
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