Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the catalytic activity of Ba loading on calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst by varying the amount of barium added during the synthesis: 5-15 wt%. The waste egg shells were utilized as a CaO heterogeneous catalyst by calcined at 900 °C for 2 h. The Ba/CaO catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and were used as a catalyst in transesterification reaction of canola oil via microwave irradiation under microwave power 300 W. The characterization of catalyst and FAME composition of biodiesel were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and gas chromatography (GC-FID). The conditions of biodiesel production were operated at 60 °C, 3 wt% of catalyst loading, 9:1 methanol-to-canola oil ratio, and microwave irradiation power was 300W for 2 min. The experimental results found that, the waste egg shells consist mainly of CaCO3, which was decomposed to CaO more than 88 wt% after cacination step. The 15 wt% Ba/CaO catalysts exhibited the best catalytic performance with the FAME conversion higher than 97.68%.
Highlights
In resent year, the increasing exhaust of fossil based fuel and energy consumption due to rapidly increase of population and the expansion of economic
The intense band at 3641 cm-1 was assigned to the hydroxyl group stretching of Ca(OH)2, which is identified to the absorption of atmospheric moisture on the surface of Calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst [11,12]
The present work show that the calcined of waste egg shells at 900 °C for 2 h are suitable catalyst for production of biodiesel via transesterification with microwave irradiation of 9:1 methanol: oil molar ratio
Summary
The increasing exhaust of fossil based fuel and energy consumption due to rapidly increase of population and the expansion of economic. To solve these problems, biodiesel is an alternative energy becomes more significant due to biodegradable, renewable, low emission of SOx and COx, non-toxic, and environmentally-friendly fuel, which can substitute petro-diesel. Calcium oxide (CaO) as heterogeneous catalyst has attracted much attention for transesterification of biodiesel production due to its high activity, low cost, and low solubility in biodiesel and methanol [4]. Bi-functional heterogeneous base catalysts from alkaline-earth oxides had high basicity, which was improved the catalytic activity for biodiesel production. BaO had highly basic sites and seems to be appropriate base catalyst in the transesterification process [11]
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