Effect of bacterial quorum sensing and mechanism of antimicrobial resistance

Abstract

Biofilm is considered to be the protective environment of a large number of sessile microcolonies that protect the cells from various types of environmental stresses. The sessile microcolonies communicate through a density-dependent communication system known as quorum sensing (Q.S.). This mechanism results in the development of various compounds associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is the condition where the microbes develop resistance to the drug. The microbes can show resistance toward the drug in various processes, such as inactivating the drug and preventing its uptake by going through certain modifications in its cell wall. It uses a special pump in which once the drug enters the microbes it will pump out the drug through a special membrane pump. These can be classified according to the antimicrobial activity mechanism. Most antimicrobial agents tend to Impede the cell wall synthesis and inhibit the protein, nucleic acid synthesis and metabolic pathways inhibiting. The capability of the microbes to resist the antimicrobial agents either acquired naturally or from other microbes.Furthermore, various factors affect antimicrobial resistance, such as overuse of common antibiotics and improper prescription in which the broad-spectrum drug is prescribed. Overdosage of the antimicrobial agent can increase the patient's risk of getting infected by the pathogen, showing sensitivity to the drug. This review will focus on the mechanism of quorum sensing and the cause of the development of antimicrobial.