Abstract
Aztreonam, a new monobactam, has a spectrum limited to gram negative aerobic bacilli. To evaluate its effect after parenteral administration on aerobic stool flora (gram negative bacilli, Streptococci D, Staphylococci, Candida), quantitative cultures used serial dilution of stools twice a week on selective media. For gram negative bacilli, agar dishes containing aztreonam or not were used. Colonies of different morphologies were counted. Representatives of each morphological type were then picked for identification and susceptibility tests. Among the 16 patients treated, 12 were decontaminated for aerobic gram negative bacilli by the 3rd day. Sensitive bacteria persisted in 4 cases, although at a low level (105/g). Resistant bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter) appeared at a “normal” level in 2 patients initially decontaminated. No dramatic change could be detected for Streptococci D, Staphylococci and Candida. In twelve additional infants neither hospitalized nor treated, no aztreonam resistant gram negative bacilli could be found.
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