Abstract
Objective:Averrhoa bilimbi fruit contains potassium and flavonoid expected to play a role in lowering blood pressure. This study aim to examine the effect of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract on blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in NaCl-induced hypertensive rats.
 Materials and methods: This research employs pre- and post-test randomized control group design and uses 15 rats which are divided into 3 groups. On day 6, all groups are pretreated with NaCl 8% solution to induce hypertension for 14 days. On day 20, the control, furosemide and bilimbi groups are respectively treated with distilled water, 0.72mg/200gBW furosemide, and 150mg/200gBW Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract for 7 days. The (systolic and diastolic) blood pressure and mean arterial pressure of each group are evaluated on day 20 and 27. The results are analyzed with Repeated Anova.
 Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the control, furosemide and bilimbi group before treatment are (128.4±11.8/88.0±7.8mmHg); (142.8±13.6/85.4±16.7mmHg); and (144.8±15.1/98.0±14.9mmHg) respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the control, furosemide and bilimbi group after being treated are (88.0±11.8/60.8±7.8mmHg); (98.0±13.6/71.0±16.7mmHg); and (85.4±15.1/65.0±14.9mmHg) respectively. The mean arterial pressure of the control, furosemide and bilimbi groups are (69.4±8.2mmHg); (79.6±14.8mmHg); (71.4±15.0mmHg) respectively. There is a statistically significant difference in the blood pressure and the mean arterial pressure among the groups (p=0.000). Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract has an effect on the blood pressure and the mean arterial pressure of NaCl-induced hypertensive rats.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.631-636
Highlights
High blood pressure is an elevation of arterial systolic or diastolic pressure which may be affected by an increase of cardiac output or total peripheral resistance or both.1High blood pressure, or commonly known as hypertension, is a modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurement, and the mean arterial pressure of Wistar rat recorded in the measuring instrument monitor, after NaCl 8% solution induction, and after treatment given in the morning of days 20 and 27 of the research using non-invasive blood pressure measuring instrument of tail cuff method of Kent Scientific brand
Blood pressure elevation in furosemide and Averrhoa bilimbi groups may be stated as hypertension since it satisfies hypertension criteria, which are systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg.21,22The systolic and diastolic blood pressure elevation with NaCl 8% solution induction in this research is expectedly caused by an increase of sodium level in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid which stimulates sympathetic nerve in heart and blood vessel, which may increase peripheral resistance through vasoconstriction and increase heart contractility, and increases stroke volume, cardiac outputand blood pressure.[1,18,19,23]
Summary
High blood pressure is an elevation of arterial systolic or diastolic pressure which may be affected by an increase of cardiac output or total peripheral resistance or both.1High blood pressure, or commonly known as hypertension, is a modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Many therapies can be used to lower blood pressure studied, but hypertension incident rate remains high.[2] People, especially in elderly, tend to change to herbal medicine to help control their chronic disorder[3] such as blood pressure. Effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit Extract on Blood Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure of NaCl Induced Hypertensive Rats condition, and 8.5 million people have therapy.9The increasing number of hypertension patients requires serious handling. The other potassium’s blood pressure lowering mechanism is to increase sodium excretion related to diuretic effect to lower cardiac output.[16,17] An increase of blood volume and cardiac output may be caused by NaCl8% induction which causes an increase of blood sodium level.18,19Therefore, the effect of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract on lowering blood pressure in male albino Wistar strain rat
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