Abstract
In contrast to the well-studied effect of auxin on the plasma membrane K+ channel activity, little is known about the role of this hormone in regulating the vacuolar K+ channels. Here, the patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the effect of auxin (IAA) on the fast-activating vacuolar (FV) channels. It was found that the macroscopic currents displayed instantaneous currents, which at the positive potentials were about three-fold greater compared to the one at the negative potentials. When auxin was added to the bath solution at a final concentration of 1 µM, it increased the outward currents by about 60%, but did not change the inward currents. The imposition of a ten-fold vacuole-to-cytosol KCl gradient stimulated the efflux of K+ from the vacuole into the cytosol and reduced the K+ current in the opposite direction. The addition of IAA to the bath solution with the 10/100 KCl gradient decreased the outward current and increased the inward current. Luminal auxin reduced both the outward and inward current by approximately 25% compared to the control. The single channel recordings demonstrated that cytosolic auxin changed the open probability of the FV channels at the positive voltages to a moderate extent, while it significantly increased the amplitudes of the single channel outward currents and the number of open channels. At the positive voltages, auxin did not change the unitary conductance of the single channels. We suggest that auxin regulates the activity of the fast-activating vacuolar (FV) channels, thereby causing changes of the K+ fluxes across the vacuolar membrane. This mechanism might serve to tightly adjust the volume of the vacuole during plant cell expansion.
Highlights
The plant vacuole is a dynamic cellular compartment that can occupy more than 90% of the cell volume and that is essential to plant growth and development
The single channels, which were recorded in symmetrical KCl, demonstrated that cytosolic auxin changed the open probability of the fast-activating vacuolar (FV) channels at the positive voltages to a moderate extent, while it significantly increased the amplitude of the single channel outward currents as well as the number of open channels (Figure 4)
The results presented here suggest that auxin regulates the activity of the fast-activating vacuolar (FV) channels, thereby causing changes of the K+ fluxes across the vacuolar membrane
Summary
The plant vacuole is a dynamic cellular compartment that can occupy more than 90% of the cell volume and that is essential to plant growth and development. As was indicated from the studies cited in these reviews, our knowledge about the effect of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) on the vacuolar ion transport is very limited, and much work is needed to answer the question of whether auxin is involved in regulating ion transport across the tonoplast. This question is very important taking into account the fact that auxin and its metabolites have been found in plant vacuoles, and that auxin transport across the tonoplast plays an essential role in maintaining auxin homeostasis [7]
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