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Abstract
To investigate by histomorphometry the distraction osteogenesis by Ilizarov technique in dog radius with the use of autologous stem cells in regenerated bone. Ten dogs (20 radiuses) underwent the osteotomy of 20% of extension of their radiuses, and osteogenic distraction using the Ilizarov technique after this procedure at rate of 1mm per day divided into 0.5mm every 12 hours. The elongation was performed until the regeneration reached 20% of the total length of the radius. The stem cells were isolated, concentrated and injected in the regenerated bone, when it reached 10% of the length of the entire radius. The regenerated bone was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis when the elongation was 20% the size of radius. The bone formation was evidenced by histomorphometric indices were significantly greater in the study group. In the histology evaluation the type of healing was mixed in 80% (intra membrane and endocondral) in both groups; the osteoblastic activity from moderate to intense was greater in the study group; and the space occupied by the newly-formed bone tissue was more evident in the study group. The histomorphometric indices in this study expressing the microarchitecture, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, number of trabecula and quantity of bone that was significant in the group study. These data suggest that the use of undifferentiated stem cells autologous bone marrow in the regenerate bone induces osteogenesis and bone quality.
Highlights
The correction of faults and shortenings bone remains a complex problem and difficult to solve[1,2,3,4,5], it requires longterm treatment, multiple surgeries, high complication rates and functional outcomes questionable[1,6,7].Ilizarov in 1951 revolutionized the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders through the concept of distraction osteogenesis using circular external fixator[8,9,10,11]
The average values of the indices related to histomorphometric number of trabecular [Tb.N], bone valume [BV/BT (%)], trabecular thickness [Tb.Th], trabecular spacing [Tb.Sp], and osteoblastic surface [SO (%)], the control and study groups are in the Table 1
Data from this study suggest that inoculation of undifferentiated cells of bone marrow can reduce the total time of consolidation of the regenerated bone during distraction osteogenesis by Ilizarov technique, and promote bone formation in greater quantity and quality, as evidenced by these data histomorphometric indices
Summary
Ilizarov in 1951 revolutionized the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders through the concept of distraction osteogenesis using circular external fixator[8,9,10,11]. There is no limit to the bone stretches by the Ilizarov technique[4,9,10,13]. One of the most limiting factors of this technique is the long-term required to consolidate the newly formed bone. This occurs mainly in large bone defects and shortening in that prolonged with the external fixator is associated with complications such as joint stiffness, subluxation or luxation, soft tissue contracture, infection, instability and loosening of the fixator pins or wires[9]
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