Effect of atrazine on accumulation of iron via the iron transport proteins in the midbrain of SD rats.

Abstract

Atrazine (ATR), a widely used herbicide that belongs to the triazine class, has detrimental effects on several organ systems. It has also been shown that ATR exposure results in dopaminergic neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism of herbicides causing ferroptosis in neurons is less concerned. So, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term oral exposure to ATR on ferroptosis in adult male rats. In this study, we show that there was a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of iron in the midbrain. Simultaneously, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Synuclein (α-syn) were altered by the ATR. We carried out miRNA profiling brain tissue in order to identify factors that mediate ferroptosis. We also found that the mRNA and protein expression of the transferrin receptor (TFR), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), hephaestin (HEPH), and ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) in the midbrain were affected by ATR. Based on the current results and previously published data, it is clear that exposure of adult male rats to high doses of ATR leads to iron loading in the midbrain. The long-term adverse effects of ATR on the midbrain have a special relevance after exposure.