Abstract
Porous Ba(Ti,Sb)O3 ceramics were fabricated by adding corn-starch at 20 wt %. The effect of atmosphere on the PTCR characteristics of the porous Ba(Ti,Sb)O3 ceramics and the role of oxygen on the grain boundaries in the PTCR characteristics of the Ba(Ti,Sb)O3 ceramics were investigated. In air, O2, N2, and H2 atmospheres, the electrical resistivity of Ba(Ti,Sb)O3 ceramics below 150 °C was independent of atmosphere, while it was strongly dependent on atmosphere above 200 °C. The low electrical resistivity in reducing atmospheres was due to a decrease in potential barrier height, which originated from an increase in the number of electrons owing to the desorption of chemisorbed oxygen atoms at the grain boundaries. In a N2 atmosphere, the electrical resistivity of Ba(Ti,Sb)O3 ceramics during the cooling cycle was lower than that during the heating cycle, and then the electrical resistivity of the porous Ba(Ti,Sb)O3 ceramics during subsequent heating and cooling cycles was increased again by exposure to an O2 atmosphere.
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