Abstract
Obesity is defined as a condition of excessive fat tissue accumulation. It was the major factor most closely associated with lifestyle-related diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effect of astaxanthin on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 0–25 µg/mL of astaxanthin for 0–48 h. The result indicated that astaxanthin significantly decreased the oil Red O stained material (OROSM), intracellular triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p < 0.05). At the molecular level, astaxanthin significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p < 0.05). Moreover, target genes of PPARγ on the inhibition of lipogenesis, such as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid binding protein (aP2), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were significantly down-regulated at a time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). These results suggested that astaxanthin efficiently suppressed lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its action is associated with the down-regulation of lipogenesis-related genes and the triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, astaxanthin can be developed as a potential nutraceutical ingredient for the prevention of obesity in a niche market.
Highlights
The American Medical Association (AMA) officially recognized obesity as a chronic disease in2008 [1]
The results demonstrated that astaxanthin caused the inhibition of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
We focused on the effect of astaxanthin on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Summary
The American Medical Association (AMA) officially recognized obesity as a chronic disease in. Oxidative stress could play a significant role in the development of obesity by stimulating white adipose tissue deposition. Astaxanthin is a class of natural colorful pigments present in marine animals, which have a natural antioxidant and fat-soluble molecule. It is naturally found most abundantly in Haematococcus pluvialis, which accumulates high astaxanthin content under high stress conditions [12]. Astaxanthin enhanced systemic fatty acid utilization, as indicated by reduced respiratory quotient in indirect calorimetry tests [15]. It can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipogenesis at the intracellular level [16]. The literature regarding the effect of astaxanthin on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid accumulation remains unclear
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