Abstract

Jadomycin is an antibiotic that has shown activities against bacteria, yeasts and fungi as well as cytotoxic properties to cancer cells. Because of the wide range of its inhibitory actions, jadomycin shows promise as a novel antibiotic and cancer treatment drug. Streptomyces venezuelae are aerobic bacteria that produce jadomycin and the size of bacterial population can significantly affect the yield of jadomycin. Therefore, the bacterial population must be accurately measured in order to standardize the reproducibility of jadomycin production process. In this study, a dehydrogenase activity measurement test, using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), was used to measure the dehydrogenase activity of Streptomyces venezuelae during growth in maltose-yeast extract-malt extract (MYM) broth. The aims were to evaluate the effectiveness of the test for measuring microbial growth and to study the effects of the test conditions (incubation time, incubation temperature and medium pH) on triphenyl formazan (TF) yield. The results showed that the TF yield was highly correlated to the optical density. The highest TF yield was observed at a pH of 6 at all incubation times and temperature. Lower TF yields were obtained at higher temperature (40 and 50oC) compared to those obtained at lower temperatures (22 and 30oC). The difference between the yields obtained at 22oC and 30oC were not significant. The differences between incubation time were also not significant. The recommended test conditions are an incubation time of 1 hour at a temperature of 30oC and a pH of 6 followed by three extractions using methanol.

Highlights

  • Jadomycins are type II polyketide synthesis-derived secondary metabolites produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces venezuelae [1]

  • The aims were to evaluate the effectiveness of the test for measuring microbial growth and to study the effects of the test conditions on triphenyl formazan (TF) yield

  • The lag period was required for the bacteria to adjust to the new environmental condition and to produce the enzyme required for the utilization of growth substrate in the medium

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Summary

Introduction

Jadomycins are type II polyketide synthesis-derived secondary metabolites produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces venezuelae [1]. Jadomycins have demonstrated antibacterial, antitumor, antifungal and enzyme inhibitory functions as well as cytotoxic properties to the cancer cells [2]. They are considered to be promising novel antibiotics and cancer treatment drugs [3]. The production of jadomycin takes place in a nutrient-deprived (exhaustion of carbon, nitrogen or phosphate from the culture medium) amino acid rich environment assisted by environmental shock using ethanol or heat [4]. It becomes essential to determine the viable cell mass of Streptomyces venezuelae in growth media for the improvement and regularization of the reproducibility of the jadomycin production process

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