Abstract
There are no studies in literature on the effect of inoculant concentrations on plant growth promotion. Therefore, in the present study, two experiments were carried out, one under pot conditions and the other in the field with cotton crop, in order to verify the effect of Aspergillus and Bacillus concentrations on the biometric and nutritional parameters of plant and soil, in addition to yield. The pot experiment evaluated the effect of different concentrations, ranging from 1 × 104 to 1 × 1010 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU mL–1) of microorganisms Bacillus velezensis (Bv188), Bacillus subtilis (Bs248), B. subtilis (Bs290), Aspergillus brasiliensis (F111), Aspergillus sydowii (F112), and Aspergillus sp. versicolor section (F113) on parameters plant growth promotion and physicochemical and microbiological of characteristics soil. Results indicated that the different parameters analyzed are influenced by the isolate and microbial concentrations in a different way and allowed the selection of four microorganisms (Bs248, Bv188, F112, and F113) and two concentrations (1 × 104 and 1 × 1010 CFU mL–1), which were evaluated in the field to determine their effect on yield. The results show that, regardless of isolate, inoculant concentrations promoted the same fiber and seed cotton yield. These results suggest that lower inoculant concentrations may be able to increase cotton yield, eliminating the need to use concentrated inoculants with high production cost.
Highlights
The use of plant-growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) has increased in the world as an alternative to the excessive application of mineral fertilizers that can contribute to soil degradation, emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere, and reduction of biodiversity in different ecosystems (Singh et al, 2016).Inoculants are products that have in their composition live microorganisms capable of promoting plant development with different mechanisms or modes of action, such as production of phytohormones and siderophores, phosphate solubilization, and induction of resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses (Bhattacharyya and Jha, 2012; Malusá and Vassilev, 2014)
The aim was to determine the effect of different concentrations of microorganisms Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Aspergillus sp. on the growth of cotton plants under pot conditions in greenhouse and field conditions
The results indicate that there was no interaction between microorganism factor and inoculant concentration for variables shoot, root, and total dry matter in cotton plants
Summary
The use of plant-growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) has increased in the world as an alternative to the excessive application of mineral fertilizers that can contribute to soil degradation, emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere, and reduction of biodiversity in different ecosystems (Singh et al, 2016). The search for new inoculant formulations, which enhance plant development in order to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers, contributing to more sustainable agriculture, is increasing (Malusá and Vassilev, 2014; Bizos et al, 2020). These new formulations have included increasing the concentration of microorganisms to be applied in the field. Despite the advance in the use of inoculants in agriculture, there are few studies that have evaluated the effect of inoculant concentration on plant growth promotion, in cotton This theme has become essential to define whether the increase in the concentration of microorganisms is an important aspect related to product efficiency or whether it is just an aspect of commercial advantage. The aim was to determine the effect of different concentrations of microorganisms Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Aspergillus sp. (versicolor section) on the growth of cotton plants under pot conditions in greenhouse and field conditions
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