Effect of Artemisia vulgaris Extract on Granzyme Expression and Tumor Mass Diameter (Study of Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy in Adenocarcinoma Mammae C3H Mice Model)

Gery Rifano Hardanto,Hardian Hardian,Selamat Budijitno

doi:10.21776/ub.jkb.2021.031.04.1

Abstract

Breast cancer incident continues to increase globally. The surgical management can be combined with other therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy, such as Artemisia vulgaris (AV). This study aimed to determine the effect of AV extract on Granzyme expression and tumor mass diameter growth of C3H mice with adenocarcinoma mammae. Twenty-four female C3H mice were randomly divided into groups of K (control), P1 (AC chemotherapy), P2 (AV extract), and P3 (combination). Adenocarcinoma mammae were inoculated from donor mice. Two cycles of chemotherapy by Adriamycin 0.18 mg and Cyclophosphamide 1.8 mg were given intravenously, while Artemisia vulgaris 13 mg (0.2 ml) was given orally once per day. Granzyme expression was assessed using immunohistochemical staining, while tumor mass diameter growth was measured using tumor calipers. There was a significant negative correlation between and tumor mass diameter growth (p=0,001 and r=-0,911). Artemisia vulgaris increases the apoptotic effects of Adriamycin-Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy by increasing Granzyme expression and decreasing tumor mass diameter growth in adenocarcinoma mammae C3H mice.

Highlights

Breast cancer is cancer often found in women
This research aimed to prove the effect of Artemisia vulgaris extract administration in C3H mice with adenocarcinoma mammae given AdriamycinCyclophosphamide chemotherapy measured by Granzyme expression and tumor mass diameter growth
The results showed that administration of Artemisia vulgaris extract and its combination with chemotherapy provided higher granzyme expression and smaller tumor mass diameter compare with group with AC chemotherapy and artemisia vulgaris alone

Summary

Introduction

Breast cancer is cancer often found in women. By 2012, breast cancer was the 2nd most significant cancer incidence in the world after lung cancer, reaching approximately 1.67 million cases. The incidence of this cancer is more common in developing countries than in developed countries. In Indonesia, it is estimated that the incidence of breast cancer is 40 among 100,000 women [2]. Even though this cancer is primarily identical to women, it can affect men with a frequency of approximately 1%. More than 80% of patients come with advanced stages in Indonesia, making curative efforts more difficult [3]

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