Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) composed of tetra(n-butyl)phosphonium [P4444]+ and tetra(n-butyl)ammonium [N4444]+ cations paired with 2-furoate [FuA]−, tetrahydo-2-furoate [HFuA]−, and thiophene-2-carboxylate [TpA]− anions are prepared to investigate the effects of electron delocalization in anion and the mutual interactions between cations and anions on their physical and electrochemical properties. The [P4444]+ cations-based ILs are found to be liquids, while the [N4444]+ cations-based ILs are semi-solids at room temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher decomposition temperatures and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed lower glass transition temperatures for phosphonium-based ILs than the ammonium-based counterparts. The ILs are arranged in the decreasing order of their ionic conductivities as [P4444][HFuA] (0.069 mS cm–1) > [P4444][FuA] (0.032 mS cm–1) > [P4444][TpA] (0.028 mS cm–1) at 20 °C. The oxidative limit of the ILs followed the sequence of [FuA]−> [TpA]−> [HFuA]−, as measured by linear sweep voltammetry. This order can be attributed to the electrons’ delocalization in [FuA]− and in [TpA]− aromatic anions, which has enhanced the oxidative limit potentials and the overall electrochemical stabilities.
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