Effect of arm sling application on gait and balance in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lien-Chieh Lin,Shih-Wei Huang,Chun-De Liao,Hung-Chou Chen,Jia-Pei Hong,Chin-Wen Wu

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90602-y

Lien-Chieh Lin, Shih-Wei Huang + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90602-y

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Abstract

Hemiplegic shoulder pain and impairment are common poststroke outcomes, for which arm slings constitute long-used treatments. Although multiple studies have suggested association between gait pattern and sling application, results have varied. Accordingly, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine how arm sling use affects the gait and balance of patients with poststroke hemiplegia. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched until April 21, 2021, for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of arm slings on gait or balance in patients with poststroke hemiplegia. The primary outcome was walking speed; the secondary outcomes were functional balance tests or walking evaluation parameters for which sufficient analytical data were available in three or more studies. Nine studies with a total of 235 patients were included, all of which were within-patient comparisons. Six studies reported significant between-group differences in walking speed with and without the use of arm slings. Patients wearing arm slings had higher walking speed (standardized mean difference = − 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = − 0.55 to − 0.07, P = 0.01, n = 159; weighted mean difference = − 0.06, 95% CI − 0.10 to − 0.02, P = 0.001, n = 159). Our findings suggest that arm sling use improves gait performance, particularly walking speed, in patients with poststroke hemiplegia.

Highlights

Hemiplegic shoulder pain and impairment are common poststroke outcomes, for which arm slings constitute long-used treatments
Hesse et al indicated that asymmetrical gait patterns and a sense of insecurity caused by upper limb impairment were possibly correlated with abnormal gait patterns[7]
As for association between gait and arm sling, Södring et al.’s 1980 study was one of the earliest to investigate the effect of arm sling use on posture and gait peformance

Summary

Introduction

Hemiplegic shoulder pain and impairment are common poststroke outcomes, for which arm slings constitute long-used treatments. Multiple studies have suggested association between gait pattern and sling application, results have varied We conducted this meta-analysis to determine how arm sling use affects the gait and balance of patients with poststroke hemiplegia. Hesse et al indicated that asymmetrical gait patterns and a sense of insecurity caused by upper limb impairment were possibly correlated with abnormal gait patterns[7] Assistive support systems such as arm slings have long been used to treat shoulder subluxation after s troke[1, 8]. Trials have evaluated the effect of arm sling use on gait or balance of patients with post-stroke hemiplegia in the past two decades, the result of their findings have. We conducted this study, which would be the first systematic review with meta-analysis, to determine how arm sling use affects the gait and balance of patients with post-stroke hemiplegia

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