Abstract
The effect of the co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Azospirillum on micro-propagated banana seedlings development during their adaptation phase was determined. At the time of transplanting, banana seedlings were inoculated with an indigenous mycorrhizal inoculum containing 10 spores/g at four doses: 0, 50, 100 and 200 g. Seventy days after fungal inoculation, 20 ml of Azospirillum in four concentrations (0, 106, 107 and 108 CFU/ml) were applied. Finally, after 98 days from the start of the experiment a second dose (40 ml) of Azospirillum in the concentrations mentioned above was inoculated. Plants were harvested 5 months after transplanting and the growth and nutritional parameters were evaluated. The analysis of the data showed that banana plants co-inoculated with 200 g of AMF and 1.5E8 CFU/ml of Azospirillum presented greater development, an increase of 7 times in height, 4 times in perimeter, 16 times in leaf area, 12 times in aerial biomass, and 8 times in root biomass en relacion a las plantas control. The results achieved were due to synergism between fungus-bacteria when inoculated at higher doses, with lower doses stimulating growth is minimal. The co-inoculation in high doses demonstrates adequate support and cooperative effect between HMA and Azospirillum crops. In addition, co-inoculation promotes optimal nutritional status because microorganisms allowed plants achieve greater absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen relative to those treated with single inoculation and the control.sphorus and nitrogen relative to those treated with single inoculation and the control.
Highlights
The excellent climatic and ecological condition which owns Ecuador, have become one of the largest producers and exporters of bananas worldwide, with a cultivated area of 230,000 hectares (32 % of world production) located mainly in the provinces of El Oro, Guayas and Los Rios (AEBE, 2010)
These microorganisms are able to promote growth, productivity and maintain soil fertility. Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as plant growth promoting bacteria Azospirillum genus have been studied as a great adaptability to environmental conditions and soil of banana plantations (Loredo et al, 2004)
Selecting Azospirillum strain inoculum Diazotrophic bacterias isolated from soil and roots were plated on solid Malic Acid Congo-red selective medium obtained strains were tested for primary and secondary biochemical identification
Summary
The excellent climatic and ecological condition which owns Ecuador, have become one of the largest producers and exporters of bananas worldwide, with a cultivated area of 230,000 hectares (32 % of world production) located mainly in the provinces of El Oro, Guayas and Los Rios (AEBE, 2010). As in most countries where bananas are grown, the application of chemical fertilizers on a large scale has not changed throughout history This poses an environmental problem in the long term because the synthetic compounds containing nitrogen are a source of contamination of soil and groundwater; the fact that is aggravated due to the low efficiency of banana roots to absorb synthetic fertilizers. It is necessary improve the management of banana cultivation, to reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment, and to improve productivity through sustainable management; using products based on own soil microorganisms fertilizers. Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as plant growth promoting bacteria Azospirillum genus have been studied as a great adaptability to environmental conditions and soil of banana plantations (Loredo et al, 2004)
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