Abstract
Aquaeous methanolic extracts of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) and veratrum (Veratrum album) were evaluated for their effects of supplementation in fish diets on oxidative status, digestive enzymes and immunity of rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three different concentrations of pomegranate 250 (P250), 500 (P500) and 1000 (P1000) mg kg-1 and veratrum 250 (V250), 500 (V500) and 1000 (V1000) mg kg-1 were added to the diet and the fish were fed these diets for 60 days over a control diet without any supplementation (P0 and V0, respectively). Immune responses and oxidative status of fish were evaluated every 20 days. Digestive enzyme activity and growth performances were determined at the end of study. We observed that the respiratory burst activity significantly increased (P<0.05) at the end of the study compared to control except in V500 fish group. Lysozyme was increased on 20th and 40th day of the study in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was observed to increase on 40th day in veratrum treated groups and significantly decreased (P<0.05) on 60th day in all groups compared to control. Haematological responses showed a declining trend in all the groups supplemented with veratrum extract. SOD activity increased in pomegranate groups while no differences were observed on catalase activity. G6PDH activity was observed to decline in the veratrum groups, however, GPx activity significantly increased (P<0.05) in V500 and V100 groups. Lipid peroxidation was determined at the lowest level on 20 and 40th day of the study in P1000 and V250 fish groups. The study indicated a positive impact of pomegranate peel extract on the immunity of rainbow trout at moderate doses of supplementation.
Highlights
The aquaculture industry has progressed tremendously with the introduction of new technologies to the industry (Bilen et al 2013)
These compounds reported to display strong apoptotic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-mutagenic properties (Seeram et al 2005; Öztürk et al 2018). It has been often utilized as a natural antioxidant in a variety of dietary supplements. These two plants were chosen as the materials of the study and it was aimed to examine the effects of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) and veratrum (Veratrum album) on oxidative status, immune responses and digestive enzyme activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
The results showed a decreased level on the 20th day of the study in P500, P1000 and V1000 fish groups compared to control (P
Summary
The aquaculture industry has progressed tremendously with the introduction of new technologies to the industry (Bilen et al 2013). Pomegranate peel accounts for roughly 50% of the fruit weight and it is known to contain high molecular weight phenolics, appreciable quantities of microelements, flavonoids, complex polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, ad ellagitannins These compounds reported to display strong apoptotic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-mutagenic properties (Seeram et al 2005; Öztürk et al 2018). It has been often utilized as a natural antioxidant in a variety of dietary supplements With this background, these two plants were chosen as the materials of the study and it was aimed to examine the effects of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) and veratrum (Veratrum album) on oxidative status, immune responses and digestive enzyme activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Digestive enzyme activities in the stomach and intestine were assayed after termination of the feeding trial. All enzyme activities were calculated according to the equations below:
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