Effect of aqueous extracts of Datura stramonium W. seeds, leaves and roots on mortality of second stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis in Kenya

Daniel Otieno Otaye,Japhet Mburugu Muthamia,Naomi Waithira Kamau,Solveig Haukeland

doi:10.33472/afjbs.2.4.2020.99-106

Abstract

Experiments were carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of leaves, seeds and roots of Datura stramonium at different concentrations on mortality of Globodera rostochiensis juveniles. Volumes of 5 mL of the extract at 100 (crude extract), 50, 25 and 12.5% dilutions were dispensed separately into Petri dishes containing 20 freshly hatched second stage juveniles (J2s) of G. rostochiensis. Juvenile mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h intervals. The treatments were replicated four times. Petri dishes were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for the differences (means) among the extracts and the dilutions. The results showed that the crude extracts (100%) of all extracts and 50% dilution of roots and seeds caused 100% mortality after 24 h exposure. This study established that aqueous extracts of D. stramonium has the potential for use as a bionematicide. Further experiments are required to confirm their effect under cropping conditions. There is also a need to analyze the phytochemicals of the plant which cause nematode mortality.

Highlights

Plant Parasitic Nematodes (PPN) feed on roots and complete their life cycles in or on the root zone and in a few cases in the shoot
This study has established that the extracts of leaves, seeds and roots of D. stramonium have nematicidal effects on the J2s of G. rostochiensis
This is in agreement with a study by Umar and Ngwamdai (2015), where the crude extract of D. stramonium recorded the highest mortality (97%) on Meloidogyne javanica juveniles followed by 5 mL dilution (92%) and the least was control at 0%

Summary

Introduction

Plant Parasitic Nematodes (PPN) feed on roots and complete their life cycles in or on the root zone and in a few cases in the shoot. They affect both the quality and quantity of marketable yields of agricultural crops (Daramola et al, 2015). The pest is difficult to eradicate once it infests an area since the eggs are encased in cysts that can remain viable for many years in the soil without a host (Coyne et al, 2018) This poses a serious threat to potato production where the nematode is present.

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Conclusion