Abstract
The use of chemical insecticides causes important damages to environment and human health and there is a need to search for alternative solutions. This study aims to investigate on the effect of aqueous extract of lemon in Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae tolerance in couffo department in south-western Republic of Benin, West Africa. Larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.l mosquitoes were collected from breeding sites using the dipping method in July 2020 during the rainy season in Dogbo district. A batch of 15 larvae of fourth instar were exposed to a mixture of aqueous extract of lemon with distilled water saturated with oxygen containing in each of five glass jars or test cups of same dimensions contained each 48 ml distilled water saturated with oxygen plus 2 ml of aqueous extract of lemon (Citrus limon) and one control jar containing no trace of aqueous extract of lemon. Larval mortality was recorded after 24hours, 48hours and 72hours exposure. The results show that the use of aqueous extract of lemon causes full-grown Anopheles larvae to die by suffocation. After the application of this mixture, the larvae of four instars cannot breathe. The use of aqueous extract of lemon is effective method for disturbing the siphonal respiration of mosquito larvae. Aqueous extract of lemon is effective method for mosquito larvae control.
Highlights
The increase in the use of World Health Organization approved vector control methods between 2000 and 2015 contributed to a large decline in the number of malaria cases globally
A batch of 15 larvae of fourth instar reared in the insectary of the Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Vector Control (LAEVC) was added in each of five glass jars or test cups of same dimensions contained each 48 ml distilled water saturated with oxygen plus 2 ml of aqueous extract of lemon (Citrus limon) and one control jar containing no trace of aqueous extract of lemon (Citrus limon)
After 48hours exposure, there still was no alive larvae in test cups, but two (2), one (1) and Zero (0) moribund larvae respectively were registered during the bioassay 1, 2 and 3. These results show that some of moribund larvae were died after 24 hours exposure to the mixture of aqueous extract of lemon with distilled water saturated with oxygen
Summary
The increase in the use of World Health Organization approved vector control methods between 2000 and 2015 contributed to a large decline in the number of malaria cases globally. There was no significant reduction in global malaria between 2015 and 2017. An estimated 219 million malaria cases were reported in 2017 (versus 213 million in 2015). There were more than 435 000 deaths in 2017 [1]. There is renewed interest in Larval Source Management (LSM) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Its practical application in Africa as a complementary intervention to Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), especially There is renewed interest in Larval Source Management (LSM) [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. and its practical application in Africa as a complementary intervention to Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), especially
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