Abstract
In this study, deer suet fat was used as a raw material to study the effects of aqueous enzymatic extraction of deer oil on its components, followed by studies into the potential protective activity, and related molecular mechanisms of deer oil on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. The results show that aqueous enzymatic extraction of deer oil not only has a high extraction yield and has a small effect on the content of active ingredients. Deer oil can reduce total stomach injury. Without affecting the blood lipid level, it can reduce the oxidative stress, which is manifested by reducing the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and enhancing the activity level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). It also enhances the expression of defense factors prostaglandin (E2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and somatostatin (SS), it inhibits apoptosis evidenced by the enhanced of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of cleavage of caspase-3 and Bax. At the same time, it reduces inflammation, which is manifested by reducing the expression of IL-1β, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gastric tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10, and inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa B (MAPK/NF-κB) signaling pathway in gastric tissue.
Highlights
A gastric ulcer is a peptic ulcer that occurs in the corners of the stomach, gastric antrum, cardia, and hiatal hernia [1]
Our results show that deer oil can significantly increase the content of E2, EGF, and SS in the gastric tissue of rats and enhance the defense and repair functions of the gastric mucosa to protect the gastric mucosa
The current findings indicate that ethanol triggers gastric apoptosis, which is manifested by the cleavage of caspase-3
Summary
A gastric ulcer is a peptic ulcer that occurs in the corners of the stomach, gastric antrum, cardia, and hiatal hernia [1]. The direct contact of ethanol and mucosa can Bioactivity of Deer Oil induce many metabolic and functional changes leading to mucosal damage, with symptoms such as acute gastrointestinal bleeding and diarrhea. It can cause gastric mucosal necrosis due to acute hemorrhagic lesions, mucosal edema, epithelial dissection, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The main clinical treatment of gastric ulcers includes the use of synthetic anti-secretory drugs, such as H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidine) or proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole), antibiotics (clarithromycin), and antacids These synthetic drugs have high purity, their long-term use may cause a variety of side effects [6]. It is necessary to find safe and effective drugs from nature [7]
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