Abstract
The human body is exposed nowadays to increasing attacks by toxic compounds in polluted air, industrially processed foods, alcohol and drug consumption that increase liver toxicity, leading to more and more severe cases of hepatic disorders. The present paper aims to evaluate the influence of the apitherapy diet in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, by analyzing the biochemical determinations (enzymatic, lipid and protein profiles, coagulation parameters, minerals, blood count parameters, bilirubin levels) and histopathological changes at the level of liver, spleen and pancreas. The experiment was carried out on six groups of male Wistar rats. Hepatic lesions were induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (dissolved in paraffin oil, 10% solution). Two mL per 100 g were administered, every 2 days, for 2 weeks. Hepatoprotection was achieved with two apitherapy diet formulations containing honey, pollen, propolis, Apilarnil, with/without royal jelly. Biochemical results reveal that the two apitherapy diet formulations have a positive effect on improving the enzymatic, lipid, and protein profiles, coagulation, mineral and blood count parameters and bilirubin levels. The histopathological results demonstrate the benefits of the two apitherapy diet formulations on reducing toxicity at the level of liver, spleen and pancreas in laboratory animals.
Highlights
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an industrial solvent and a xenobiotic used to induce chemical hepatic injuries in laboratory animals
CCl4 is metabolized by the hepatic microsomal P450 isoenzymes through the reductive dehalogenation of the toxic in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatic cells resulting in the unstable free radicals of trichloromethyl (CCl3·) and trichloromethyl peroxyl (CCl3O2·)
The results presented in the below tables contain the significance from the statistical point of view, defined by one of the letters (a), (b), (c), (d) meaning: (a, p < 0.05 vs. group fed with standard food (group I)) the value is statistically significant in comparison with group I; (b, p < 0.0001 vs. group II) the value is statistically significant in comparison with group II; (c, p < 0.0001 vs. group III) the value is statistically significant in comparison with group III; (d, p < 0.0001 vs. group IV) the value is statistically significant in comparison with group IV (CCl4 group)
Summary
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an industrial solvent and a xenobiotic used to induce chemical hepatic injuries in laboratory animals. CCl4 is metabolized by the hepatic microsomal P450 isoenzymes through the reductive dehalogenation of the toxic in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatic cells resulting in the unstable free radicals of trichloromethyl (CCl3·) and trichloromethyl peroxyl (CCl3O2·). It has been demonstrated that propolis has a hepatoprotective potential, as well as anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, antiviral, and antibacterial effects [4,5,6,7]. Lin et al revealed that ethanolic propolis extract significantly prevents the increase of the levels of microsomal enzymes and the lipidic peroxidation in rats that were administered alcohol [8].
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