Effect of Antibiotics Used in Animal Husbandry on the Distribution of Bacterial Drug Resistance (Review)

Abstract

Antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry at present. Due to their excessive and incorrect use, they have led to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as well as antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in microbial communities of the environment. The review examines works on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, the transmission of ARGs and ARB from animals to humans, their spread in the environment with wastewater from livestock enterprises and water and air flows. The role of manure as a reservoir of ARGs and the effect of the processing and storage of manure on the abundance and diversity of ARB and ARGs have been also analyzed. We have also touched on issues related to the presence of ARGs and ARB in animal and plant products and their introduction into the human microbiome with food.