Effect of Annona Squamosa Ethanolic and Aqueous Leave Extracts on Aluminum Chloride-Induced Neuroinflammation in Albino Rats

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) is present daily in our life, the long-term excessive Al intake induces neuroinflammation and cognition retardation. Annona squamosa leaves showed some medicinal activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic drugs. This study was designed to examine the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of annona squamosa leaves against aluminum chloride (AlCl3-induced neuroinflammation in rats. 40 male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, 10 rats each. Group 1; (Control rats), Group 2; (rats received AlCl3 50mg/kg body weight orally (p.o), Group 3; (rats received AlCl3 and annona squamosa leave aqueous extracts (300mg/kg) and Group 4; (rats received AlCl3 and annona squamosa ethanolic extracts (300mg/kg). After two months; blood samples were collected for assessment of serum nuclear factor- ҡβ (NF-ҡβ) and Acetyl cholinesterase (Ach E). The brain of each rat was removed for assessment Brain nitric oxide, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase 3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). AlCl3 increase brain MDA, NO, Ach E activity, NF-ҡβ and caspase 3, significant decreases in GSH, SOD activity and BDNF. Ethanolic or aqueous annona squamosa leaves extracts ameliorate MDA, NO, Ach. E activity, NF-ҡβ and caspase 3 and restore GSH, SOD activity and BDNF to near normal levels in AlCl3 treated rats. Conclusion: Both of ethanolic and aqueous annona squamosa leave extracts protect rat brain against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by AlCl3.