Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Electrochemical Behavior of Hydrothermal Assisted Bismuth Phosphate Nanostructures

Abstract

: In the present scenario, society requires various energy sources due to the depletion of fossil fuels. In the current work, Bismuth Phosphate nanostructures are synthesized via the hydrothermal method at different aging periods and were further annealed at 300 These samples are abbreviated as BP6300, BP12300, BP18300, and BP24300. Further, we analyzed the synthesized samples' structural, morphological, and electrochemical behavior. X-ray Diffraction Technique is used to analyze the phase and crystal structure of all the synthesized samples. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) is used to analyze the morphology. Raman and FTIR spectra also approved the structure of materials and functional groups of all the synthesized samples. EDX spectra analysis confirmed the results quantitatively by detecting all the elements present in the synthesized material. High–resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra confirmed the oxidation states of the synthesized samples. Various aging period treatments with annealing temperatures play a significant role in tuning the electrochemical behavior of working electrodes for battery or hybrid energy storage applications. The drop casting method was adopted for the fabrication of working electrodes, and all the electrochemical analysis of these electrodes was done in the 2 M KOH electrolyte solution. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) of all the samples were analyzed in the 3-electrode setup and exhibited a high potential window of 1.4 V. The specific capacity is found to be maximum for BP12300 samples. The investigation revealed that synthesized material could be used as an electrode for various energy storage device applications. Keywords: Bismuth Phosphate, Cyclic Voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge-discharge, and hydrothermal method.