Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), an ethanol-based dentin cross-linker, on the immediate and long-term microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage expression of a universal adhesive employed in self-etch mode (SE) or etch-and-rinse mode (ER). The effect of DCC on the dentinal MMP activity was also investigated by means of in-situ zymography. MethodsEighty freshly extracted human molars were sectioned to expose mid-coronal dentin surfaces. The teeth were assigned to one of the following groups, according to the dentin surface priming/adhesive approach: (G1): DCC pre-treatment and Scotchbond Universal (SBU) in ER mode; (G2): SBU in ER mode; (G3): DCC pretreatment and SBU in SE mode; (G4): SBU in SE mode. μTBS test was performed immediately (T0) or after 1-year aging (T12) in artificial saliva. Ten additional teeth per group were prepared for nanoleakage evaluation (N = 5) and for in-situ zymography (N = 5). ResultsThree-factor analysis of variance revealed significant difference for the variables DCC pretreatment, application mode and aging (p < 0.05) for both microtensile bond strength testing and in-situ zymography. Nanoleakage analysis revealed reduced marginal infiltration of DCC experimental groups both at T0 and T12. SignificanceThe use of an ethanol-based primer containing DCC appears to be promising in preserving the stability of the adhesive interface of a universal adhesive, especially in the SE mode.
Highlights
Adhesion between resin composite restorations and dental substrate is achieved through the infiltration of resin monomers into the demineralized dentin collagen matrix after partial dissolution of the mineral inorganic phase [1]
Post-hoc comparisons showed that the use of a 0.5 M DCC-containing ethanol solution before adhesive application improved bond strength of Scotchbond Universal (SBU) (G1 and Group 3 (G3)) vs control groups (G2 and Group 4 (G4)) (p < 0.05), irrespective of the adhesive application mode and aging
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that at T0, DCC pretreatment significantly improved TBS in both experimental groups compared to the control groups (G1 46.0 ± 15.3; Group 2 (G2) 37.1 ± 12.5; G3 39.4 ± 11.1; G4 26.3 ± 11.4)
Summary
Adhesion between resin composite restorations and dental substrate is achieved through the infiltration of resin monomers into the demineralized dentin collagen matrix after partial dissolution of the mineral inorganic phase [1]. Endogenous proteases play an important role during dentin maturation and become trapped and inactivated after mineralization of the collagen matrix [17] These enzymes are exposed and reactivated during demineralization of the mineralized dentin, progressively degrading the collagen fibrils that are not protected by adhesive resin within the hybrid layer, eventually resulting in the loss of retention of the adhesive restorations [4,18,19,20]. For this reason, much efforts have been devoted to increasing the resistance of the resin-sparse, water-rich collagen fibrils within the hybrid layer against MMPs, with the intention of increasing the longevity of adhesive restorations [21]
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