Abstract
We study the effect of anisotropic escape mechanism on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We use Glauber model to generate initial conditions and ignore hydrodynamic expansion in the transverse direction. We employ Beer-Lambert law to allow for the transmittance of produced hadrons in the medium and calculate the anisotropy generated due to the suppression of particles traversing through the medium. In order to separate non-flow contribution due to surface bias effects, we ignore hydrodynamic expansion in the transverse direction and consider purely longitudinal boost-invariant expansion. We calculate the transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow, generated from anisotropic escape mechanism due to surface bias effects, for various centralities in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV Au$+$Au collisions at RHIC and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV Pb$+$Pb collisions at LHC. We find that the surface bias effects have a sizable contribution to the total elliptic flow observed in heavy-ion collisions indicating that the viscosity of the QCD matter extracted from hydrodynamic simulations may be underestimated.
Highlights
High energy heavy-ion collisions aim to create and study different phases of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at extremely high temperature and density [1]
We find that the surface bias effects make a sizable contribution to the total elliptic flow observed in heavy-ion collisions, indicating that the viscosity of the QCD matter extracted from hydrodynamic simulations may be underestimated
We studied the effect of an anisotropic escape mechanism due to source shape anisotropy on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Summary
High energy heavy-ion collisions aim to create and study different phases of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at extremely high temperature and density [1]. Observation of transverse flow, mass ordering, and anisotropic flow in experimental data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) indicates the presence of the hydrodynamic phase in the evolution. It was found that a single collision per particle, on average, is already enough to generate sizable elliptic flow, with mass ordering between the species [28] This was indicative of the role of the escape mechanism in mimicking certain types of hydrodynamic signals. We find that the surface bias effects have a sizable contribution to the total elliptic flow observed in these heavy-ion collisions This indicates that the viscosity of the QCD matter, extracted from hydrodynamic simulations, may be underestimated
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