Effect of an Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Valsartan, on Neurohumoral Factors in Patients with Hypertension: Comparison with a Long-Acting Calcium Channel Antagonist, Amlodipine

Abstract

This study compared the effects of amlodipine and valsartan on the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and brain natriuretic peptide, which are considered important parameters of the long-term prognosis. Seventy-three elderly patients, who had received antihypertensive treatment for more than 6 months with amlodipine, participated in this study. They were randomized to the V group (n = 36) and switched to valsartan from amlodipine, or to the A group (n = 37), which continued treatment with amlodipine. The dose of valsartan was set as that which controlled the blood pressure to the same extent as before switching. Blood samples were measured before and after 6 months of therapy. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with the Newman-Keuls test. In the V group, norepinephrine (from 597.0 +/- 52.9 to 475 +/- 43.8 pg/ml, p < 0.05) and aldosterone (from 74.5 +/- 7.0 to 53.9 +/- 5.3 pg/ml, p < 0.001) were decreased significantly after 6 months, although norepinephrine and aldosterone levels were unchanged in the A group. However, brain natriuretic peptide did not show a difference between the two groups. These findings suggested that valsartan is probably superior to amlodipine with respect to less activation of the sympathetic nervous system and preventing upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.