Effect of an Acute Resistance Training Bout and Long-Term Resistance Training Program on Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Roman Jurik,Petr Stastny,Aleksandra Żebrowska

doi:10.3390/jcm10163492

Abstract

Resistance training (RT) and exercise is useful for preventing cardiovascular disease, systolic hypertension and stroke, which are associated with the stiffening of the larger central arterial system. The aim of this systematic review was to (a) understand the changes in arterial stiffness (AS) in various parts of the body measurement after acute RT bout and long-term RT, and (b) to determine the impact of exercise intensity on these changes in healthy individuals. A systematic computerized search was performed according to the PRISMA in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar with final selection of 23 studies. An acute RT bout led to a temporary increase in pulse wave velocity (PWV) regardless of the measurement method or intensity. A long-term RT at above an 80% repetition maximum (RM) have an ambiguous effect on PWV. A low-intensity RT or whole-body vibration training program decreased carotid–femoral PWV and brachial–ankle PWV (d = 1.02) to between 0.7 ± 1.4 ms−1 (p < 0.05) and 1.3 ± 1.07 ms−1 (p < 0.05) and improved other cardiac functions. A long-term RT of moderate (60–80% 1RM) or low intensity (<60% one-repetition maximum (1RM)) can decrease AS. Low and moderate intensity RT is beneficial to reduce high AS to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Highlights

The title and abstract screening resulted in 79 records that were eligible for full-text review
When a long-term Resistance training (RT) was applied at low intensity, Arterial stiffness (AS) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) improved in five studies [45,51,52,53,54], and there was no report of a PWV increase in any types of measurement
Because physical activity protects against cardiovascular disease (CVD) [12,55,56,57], aerobic exercise (AE) has been suggested as a studies [45,52,53,54,59], and there was no report of a PWV increase in any types of measurenonpharmacological treatment to improve cardiovascular function in both younger [58,59]

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Arterial stiffness (AS) increases greatly with age, independently of atherosclerosis, hypertension or other diseases [1,2]. It happens as a result of the mechanical wear of the arterial wall, in which connective tissue changes. Increased AS represented by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is usually associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and might result in death [3,4]. It appears to be a precursor of hypertension [5], with aging having a greater effect on central, rather than peripheral, arterial hemodynamics [6,7]

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