Effect of amyloid curli fibrils and curli CsgA monomers from Escherichia coli on in vitro model of intestinal epithelial barrier stimulated with cytokines

Abstract

Amyloid curli fibrils produced by Escherichia coli are well-known virulence factor influencing E. coli adhesion and biofilm formation. However, the impact of curli on intestinal epithelial barrier stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines is unknown. In the study, we examined the effect of curli produced by nonpathogenic E. coli K-12 and wild-type E. coli EC32 strains, and purified CsgA proteins on differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers stimulated with a mixture of IL-1β, TNF-α, and INFγ cytokines as a model of ‘inflamed intestinal epithelial barrier’ in vitro. The results of the study indicated that curliated E. coli adhered better to polarized Caco-2 cells than their curli-deficient mutants and the adherence was further augmented by stimulation of epithelial cells with proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, curli reduced internalization but enhanced intracellular survival of the wild-type E. coli strain EC32 within intestinal epithelial cells. Curli-expressing E. coli, as well as purified CsgA proteins, attenuated IL-8 secretion by unstimulated Caco-2 cells, although the effect was barely observed on cytokine-stimulated cells. The findings of the study revealed that curli fibrils are an important virulence factor enabling curliated E. coli to effectively colonize intestinal epithelium especially in individuals with inflammatory intestinal disorders.