Abstract
Intercalation and exfoliation are key steps in the preparation of graphene by thermal exfoliation, and they determine the quality of the final product. Therefore, it is important to explore the influence of intercalation agents on the intercalation and exfoliation of graphite. In this article, ammonium bicarbonate is intercalated into graphite with different degrees of oxidation to form a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) by means of ultrasound and stirring. Then, they are exfoliated by being heated at high temperatures. After ammonium bicarbonate intercalation and heating treatment, XRD, TG, and BET show that the intercalation and exfoliation effect of graphite oxide (GO) is better than that of graphite (G) and expanded graphite (EG). The intercalation mechanism is that the ammonia molecule in ammonium bicarbonate solution contains a wedge-shaped structure and active point, which provides empty orbits for graphite electrons and forms edge intercalation through physical interaction at the same time.
Highlights
Intercalation and exfoliation can increase the graphite layer-to-layer spacing and reduce the number of layers
Lin et al [10] used ammonium bicarbonate as the intercalation agent and permeate it through the expanded graphite layer by ball milling and used the microwave to quickly exfoliate the graphite intercalation compound (GIC) to obtain graphene with fewer defects
The G peak at 1580 cm-1 is caused by the stretching of the sp2-type C-C bond in the hexagonal ring structure of the graphite lattice [14], and the G′ peak (2D peak) at 2700 cm-1 is attributed to the vibration of the two-photon lattice
Summary
Intercalation and exfoliation can increase the graphite layer-to-layer spacing and reduce the number of layers. Intercalation and exfoliation are the most important steps in the preparation of graphene by thermal exfoliation, which determines the quality of graphene They are the key to overcome the van der Waals force between the graphite layers. Based on the above research, ammonium bicarbonate is a suitable intercalation agent, which can be inserted between graphite layers by a mechanical or ultrasonic means, avoiding the use of a reinforcing oxidant [9, 10]. It can be completely decomposed under the heat, with large amount of produced gas and harmless produced gas, and the whole intercalationexfoliation process is less polluting. We introduce ammonium bicarbonate molecular groups into graphite materials with different oxidation degrees, heat GIC to make it undergo chemical phase transition, and research the effect of ammonium bicarbonate on the intercalation and exfoliation of graphite materials with different oxidation degrees
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