Abstract
Mesoporous bioactive nanoparticles (MBNs) have been developed as promising additives to various types of bone or dentin regenerative material. However, biofunctionality of MBNs as dentin regenerative additive to dental materials have rarely been studied. We investigated the uptake efficiency of MBNs-NH2 with their endocytosis pathway and the role of MBNs-NH2 in odontogenic differentiation to clarify inherent biofunctionality. MBNs were fabricated by sol-gel synthesis, and 3% APTES was used to aminate these nanoparticles (MBNs-NH2) to reverse their charge from negative to positive. To characterize the MBNs-NH2, TEM, XRD, FTIR, zeta(ξ)-potential measurements, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis were performed. After primary cultured rat dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs) were incubated with various concentrations of MBNs-NH2, stem cell viability (24 hours) with or without differentiated media, internalization of MBNs-NH2 in rDPSCs (~4 hours) via specific endocytosis pathway, intra or extracellular ion concentration and odontoblastic differentiation (~28 days) were investigated. Incubation with up to 50 μg/mL of MBNs-NH2 had no effect on rDPSCs viability with differentiated media (p>0.05). The internalization of MBNs-NH2 in rDPSCs was determined about 92% after 4 hours of incubation. Uptake was significantly decreased with ATP depletion and after 1 hour of pre-treatment with the inhibitor of macropinocytosis (p<0.05). There was significant increase of intracellular Ca and Si ion concentration in MBNs-NH2 treated cells compared to no-treated counterpart (p<0.05). The expression of odontogenic-related genes (BSP, COL1A, DMP-1, DSPP, and OCN) and the capacity for biomineralization (based on alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining) were significantly upregulated with MBNs-NH2. These results indicate that MBNs-NH2 induce odontogenic differentiation of rDPSCs and may serve as a potential dentin regenerative additive to dental material for promoting odontoblast differentiation.
Highlights
Bioactive glass particles have been introduced as promising additives in the medical and dental fields, because of their apatite-forming, antibacterial, and neutralizing abilities, and for their considerable mechanical properties and biofunctionality for hard tissue formation [1,2]
Mesoporous bioactive nanoparticles (MBNs)–NH2 were developed as an additive material for the differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs) into odontoblasts
A well-ordered mesoporous structure was maintained after amination, which successfully changed the zeta-potential from a negative to a positive charge
Summary
Bioactive glass particles have been introduced as promising additives in the medical and dental fields, because of their apatite-forming, antibacterial, and neutralizing abilities, and for their considerable mechanical properties and biofunctionality for hard tissue formation [1,2]. To date, these particles have been applied to various types of biomaterials, such as a bone or dentin scaffold matrix, dental composite resin, and regenerative endodontic materials [3,4,5,6,7,8]. Mesoporous silica was developed for biomedical uses, it has limited application for bone or dentinpulp regeneration owing to its lack of bioactivity [16,17]
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