Abstract
Amaranthus plants, or spinach, are used extensively as a vegetable and are known to possess medicinal properties. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a major role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cause cell toxicity in the human neuronal cell line, SH-SY5Y, through an increase in oxidative stress, as shown by reducing cell viability and increasing cell toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. We found that preincubation of SH-SY5Y cells with either petroleum ether, dichloromethane or methanol extracts of A. lividus and A. tricolor dose-dependently attenuated the neuron toxicity caused by AGEs treatment. Moreover, the results showed that A. lividus and A. tricolor extracts significantly downregulated the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 genes in AGEs-induced cells. We concluded that A. lividus and A. tricolor extracts not only have a neuroprotective effect against AGEs toxicity, but also have anti-inflammatory activity by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. This suggests that Amaranthus may be useful for treating chronic inflammation associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
Highlights
IntroductionOxidative stress and neuroinflammation are common features of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as multiple sclerosis (MS)
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are common features of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as multiple sclerosis (MS).Recent data have described that the CNS is fully immune competent and quickly responds to CNS injury or infections [1]
Values are reported as the means with their standard error of the mean (SEM), depicted by vertical bars
Summary
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are common features of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as multiple sclerosis (MS). Alterations of the CNS environment, for example by infection or neuronal injury, result in glia cell activation that can release cytokines and chemokines, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS). In spite of the diversity of neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress due to excessive production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upon mitochondrial injury and dysfunction, has been proposed to be a general pathological mechanism of major chronic neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, PD and MS [2]. Several studies have demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba has been used to treat a variety of health disorders for centuries. It exhibits several interesting properties, such as an antioxidant property, that can protect the brain from oxidative damage. Was to determine the neuroprotective effect of A. lividus L. and A. tricolor L. extracts against AGEs-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
