Abstract
Commercial rolled AISI 321 stainless steel samples were irradiated with Al+ ions with an energy of 80 keV and fluence of 1017 ion/cm2. The effect of Al implantation on the chemical and phase composition of the steel surface layer was studied by X-ray electron spectroscopy and grazing beam mode of X-ray diffraction analysis. A thin surface layer down to a depth of 30 nm after Al+ ions implantation consists mainly of metal oxides. In the near-surface layers of 5 nm in depth, a noticeable depletion in chromium and nickel was observed. A surface layer (up to 0.5 µm) of non-irradiated steel, in addition to the f.c.c. austenite γ-phase, consists of up to 20 vol% of the b.c.c. α′-phase, which formed at rolling as a result of mechanical deformation. Al implantation results in the significant increase in the α′-phase amount in the surface layer at a depth up to 2 µm. It is indicated that the observed γ → α′ transformation at ion irradiation proceeds predominantly as a result of the effect of post-cascade shock waves, but not as a result of the surface layer chemical composition changes.
Highlights
Published: 26 October 2021Ion implantation causes changes in the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the surface layer of metals
As the effect of ion implantation depends strongly both on the phase and chemical composition of irradiated materials [12,13,29], it is of interest to investigate the peculiarities of ion implantation of an initially double-phase surface of rolled steel
AISI 321 rolled stainless steel was supplied by Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Summary
Ion implantation causes changes in the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the surface layer of metals. Due to the martensite phase transformation undesirable in terms of some applications, the elaboration of straininduced martensite content control methods is considered as an actual task [28] As it was noted in [13], even a weak deformation at the pre-experimental sample polishing results in the formation of some amount of the α0 -phase in the surface layer of AISI 321 steel. As the effect of ion implantation depends strongly both on the phase and chemical composition of irradiated materials [12,13,29], it is of interest to investigate the peculiarities of ion implantation of an initially double-phase surface of rolled steel As it Metals 2021, 11, 1706 was reported in [26], a decrease of the grain size results in more intense strain-induced martensite transformation. It can be proposed that ion irradiation may be more effective in the case of an initially deformed surface with a fine grain structure
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