Abstract
Lipoxins play an important role in periodontal resolution, hence, investigation of genetic polymorphism of lipoxin gene may provide important information on the role of lipoxins in periodontal disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate a polymorphism of C-to-T substitution at position c.-292 in ALOX15 (reticulocyte-type 15 lipoxygenase 1) gene in patients with chronic periodontitis and to associate the polymorphism with gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) lipoxin A4 (LXA4) levels. Forty-five chronic periodontitis and 45 periodontally healthy patients were included in this case-control study. Plaque index, calculus index, sulcus bleeding index, full mouth probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. GCF and blood samples were collected. GCF was analyzed for LXA4 levels by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. Genotyping of ALOX15 polymorphism was studied using PCR. Mean LXA4 was lower in periodontitis group compared to the periodontally healthy group. There was a negative correlation between CAL and LXA4. The CC genotype was higher in the study group than in the control group. In the study group, mean CAL was significantly lower among individuals with the CT genotype. Mean LXA4 was significantly lower in CC genotype (45.0±7.11 ng/mL) compared to CT genotype (50.81±5.81 ng/mL) among the patients with periodontitis. The results suggest that LXA4 and c.-292T allele are associated with periodontal health. Polymorphisms in the ALOX15 gene may influence periodontal disease pathogenesis. Hence, investigation of such polymorphisms could benefit the evaluation of lipoxins role in periodontal disease.
Highlights
Chronic periodontitis is the most commonly occurring form of periodontitis
Distribution of the CC, CT and TT genotypes in the control and study groups are significantly different. 64% of patients with periodontitis and 36% of healthy patients were homozygous for genotype CC
The occurrence of -292C allele carriage was similar in the study and control groups but the occurrence of -292T carriage was significantly higher in the control group (63.88%) compared to study group (36.1%)
Summary
Chronic periodontitis is the most commonly occurring form of periodontitis. It is initiated by microbial biofilm resulting in immune-inflammatory responses. The endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanism that protects against excessive tissue injury and promotes the restoration of tissue structure and function comprises resolution of inflammation. Recent advances in the area of periodontal disease pathogenesis have suggested that the progression of periodontal disease is due to failure of resolutory pathways in the periodontal tissues. This has led to investigations on the role of pro-resolving molecules like lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins on periodontal inflammation [2]. A ground-breaking work by Serhan et al [4] suggested that lipoxins have a protective role on periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption
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