Abstract
The study was undertaken to know the effect of algal oil as one of the diet ingredients for the betterment of growth, microbial identification and immunological parameters in the fish Daniorerio rerio. The oil was extracted from four micro algae such as Tetraselmis sp., Dunaliella sp., Pavlovasp sp., and Chaetoceros sp., The oil obtained from the four different algae were mixed with other feeding ingredients and fed to Zebra fish Daniorerio rerio. The water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia (NH3), growth parameters such as weight (absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio), food consumption and food conversion efficiency were studied biochemically in Daniorerio rerio. Bacterial clearance was evaluated and total viable count of bacteria in different parts of the fish such as gut, gill and body surface were enumerated. Among the oil incorporated diet prepared from the four species of microalgae, Tetraselmis sp., had the maximum growth that ranged from 1.34 g to 2.86 g and control had the minimum growth that ranged from 1.14 g to 2.16 g. The maximum food consumption rate recorded in Pavlova sp., was 0.27 g. Among the total protein estimated in 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days, the maximum protein 6.147 mg/ml was noticed in the fishes which are fed with the feed incorporated with oil obtained from Chaetoceros sp. Among the total lipid estimation in 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days of feeding, the maximum lipid 6.147 mg/ml was noticed in feed prepared from Dunaliella sp. Among the total carbohydrate estimation in 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days, the maximum carbohydrate 2.751 mg/ml was noticed in feed Pavlova sp. Among the total carotenoid estimation in 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days of feeding, the maximum carotenoid 0.70 mg/ml was noticed in the animal they are fed with the diet incorporated with oil obtained from Chaetoceros sp. Among the total bacterial clearance noticed in 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours, the maximum bacterial clearance was noticed in feed having Pavlova sp. oil incorporation after 4 hours. It was found that the Zebra fish fed with the diet incorporated with oil from Tetraselmis sp., gave good growth and pigment production.
Highlights
The ornamental fish culture is a powerful income and employment generating industry
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) are Essential Fatty Acids (EFA), which cannot be synthesized de novo by fish, nor in general by all animal, and it must be supplied through the diet
It can be concluded that the level of protein and lipid present in Chaetoceros oil was higher than the control. This may be the reason that the Chaetoceros oil only enhanced growth, food consumption, Food Conversion Efficiency (FCE), Food Conversion Ratio (FCR), Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR)
Summary
The ornamental fish culture is a powerful income and employment generating industry. Ornamental fish breeding, culture and trade provide excellent opportunities as a non-food fishery activity for employment and income generation. It is environment friendly, socially acceptable and involves low investment for adopting as a small-scale enterprise with high return. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) are Essential Fatty Acids (EFA), which cannot be synthesized de novo by fish, nor in general by all animal, and it must be supplied through the diet. The exact dietary requirement of EFA in fish requires consideration for the relative and absolute amounts of individual fatty acids in the fish diets, and the fish’s innate abilities to metabolize these fatty acids, whether anabolically or catabolically [2]
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