Abstract
Alcohol consumption is prevalent in HIV/AIDS infected patients. It possesses serious effects on protease inhibitors (PIs), which are used as an antiviral drug. While taking PIs, the secretion of Cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes occurs from the liver and it metabolizes the drug to CYP3A4-PI complex. Alcohol consumption increases the rate of metabolism of PIs. In this research article, we have formulated a set of nonlinear differential equations based on the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4 for alcoholic HIV infected patients. Here, we have analytically compared the dynamics of PIs metabolism between alcoholic and non-alcoholic HIV infected patients and also investigated how the infection is being accelerated by enhancing viral load due to alcohol consumption. Finally, our analytical results are verified by numerical findings.
Highlights
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is the major metabolic enzyme in the human liver, which is responsible to metabolize about 50% of the therapeutic drugs including non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) (Midde et al, 2016; Kumar and Kumar, 2011)
We start by making schematic themes where we show how consumption of alcohol inhibits cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4)-PI interaction
In this paper, we mainly focus on the effect of alcohol consumption during antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected individuals
Summary
HIV-1 infection is a global problem with 36.9 million people affected in the world at the end of 2017. Several studies have shown the alcohol consumption effects for HIV-infected patients while they are on HAART They describe the role of CYP450 enzymes in the metabolism of drugs used in HAART (i.e., Protease Inhibitors (PI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)) (Kumar and Kumar, 2011; Kumar et al, 2012). 2. Formulation of Mathematical Model For the HIV infected patients, Protease Inhibitors (I) are metabolized into the CYP3A4-PI complex (EI) by the liver secreted cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme (E) and little portion of the complex (EI) reverts. Formulation of Mathematical Model For the HIV infected patients, Protease Inhibitors (I) are metabolized into the CYP3A4-PI complex (EI) by the liver secreted cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme (E) and little portion of the complex (EI) reverts For this reaction, the forward and the backward rate constants are k1 and k-1 respectively. We prove the non-negativity of the solutions of the system (1) with the initial conditions
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