Abstract
Summary Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of air pollution and time of day on performance, heart rate hematological parameters and blood gases, following the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 in smoker and non-smoker soccer players. Methods Twenty-two soccer players were divided into two groups; (smoker: n = 11) and (non-smoker: n = 11). Each participant completed the test at 08:00 h and 18:00 h in two different areas (i.e. Polluted and non-polluted area) with a recovery period ≥ 72 h in between. Results Our results showed that at rest, both groups revealed a significant diurnal variation on oral temperature, heart rate, and white blood cell count with an acrophase at 18:00 h and on red blood cells with a significant decrease at 18:00 h in the two areas (P Conclusion Intermittent recovery test under high concentrations of pollutants leads a significant alteration of performance and physiological parameters in healthy and smoker athletes especially in the evening. Furthermore, results from the field may help to guide athletes and contribute to public health recommendations on exercise and pollution.
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