Abstract
Abstract U-bend stress corrosion cracking (SCC) testing of low Cr ferritic (Type 409) and austenitic (Type 304L) stainless steel was conducted in a hot pressured alkaline water to study the effect of aggressive anions (Cl− and HS−) on the relative susceptibility. SCC was only observed in Type 304L when immersed in the solution that contained both aggressive anions. Critical factors were identified based on cross-section examination of the U-bends after exposure using complementary electron microscopy techniques. These factors include: (i) preferential oxidation of deformation bands (arising from cold working), (ii) Ni-S compound formation at the oxide/metal interface and (iii) S and Cl incorporation into the inward growing Cr-rich oxide. These critical factors were considered within an overall slip dissolution-type mechanism to account for the SCC observed.
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