Abstract
Faba bean is attacked by a number of fungal diseases, among which Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae, Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) and rust (Uromyces vicia faba) are the major ones. Chocolate spot and rust are the major diseases which can reduce yield by about 61 and 21%, respectively. The use of effective synthetic fungicides is one the control options frequently practiced in Ethiopia. Environmental hazard and economic unfeasibility of this option makes the search for environmentally safe, economically affordable and easily available control measures inevitable. This trial is planned to investigate the efficacy of cow and horse dung compost teas against the in vivo growth of Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae, Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) and rust (Uromyces vicia faba). The result showed that B. fabae reduced to less than 22% severity by application of aerated cow and horse dung compost teas. It was also possible to lower the severity of A. fabae to 18.5% from treatment of aerated cow and aerated anon aerated horse dung compost teas. Moreover, with the use of aerated cow dung compost extract rust could be minimized to about 22.2% severity. From this experiment, it has become clear that compost teas of the two sources are effective against severity of the three diseases. It is important that thorough investigation is required on the practicality of the compost teas to fully exploit their potential.
Highlights
According to Central Statistical Agency [4], faba bean ranked first in production (33.6%) among pulse crops in Oromia Region, Ethiopia and in Bale Zone, the crop took first place in area coverage and production [4]
Viz, cow dung compost and horse dung compost were prepared and teas from each type were extracted and their efficacy tested against the major diseases of faba bean
The maximum percentage of severity of B. fabae (44.44) was recorded on unsprayed plots of both Shallo and Local cultivars (Figure 1 & 2) On the contrary, magnitude of the disease was lowered to about 18.5% on plots sprayed with aerated compost steepage obtained from horse dung on both cultivars (Table 1)
Summary
According to Central Statistical Agency [4], faba bean ranked first in production (33.6%) among pulse crops in Oromia Region, Ethiopia and in Bale Zone, the crop took first place in area coverage and production [4]. Fungal diseases are among the major biotic threats that lower the yield of the crop [27]. Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae), rust (Uromyces vicia faba) and Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) are the most frequently prevailing fungal diseases of faba bean which can cause considerable loss of yield. According to Dereje and Beniwal [5], Chocolate spot reduces yield by up to 61% with still the presence of the probability of complete crop failure due to the disease. The control of these diseases had been attempted through the use of improved cultivars, cultural practices, chemical fungicides and integration of two or more of the above options in Integrated Disease Management (IDM) scheme. Frequent use of synthetic chemical fungicides obviously pose hazards of toxicity and overall
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