Effect of administration of vitamin E, selenium and antimicrobial therapy on incidence of mastitis, productive and reproductive performances in dairy cows

Abstract

Administration of vitamin, mineral and antimicrobials at the end of lactation plays potential role in preventing mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 255 cows dividing into five groups (A=50, B=50, C=50, D=50 and E=55) at their late gestation period were selected to explore the effect of vitamin E, selenium and antimicrobial therapy on mastitis incidence, their productive and reproductive performances. Each cow of group A received α-tocopherol+sodium selenite orally daily for last 30days before calving, while each cow of group B, C and D was treated with α-tocopherol+sodium selenite intramuscular injection, procaine penicillin+neomycin sulfate, and dicloxacillin sodium intramammary infusions at Day 30–20 before calving, respectively. Group E cows served as untreated control. California mastitis test (CMT) revealed that 70.0%, 76.0%, 84.0% and 100.0% cows in group A, B, C and D, respectively were free from new intramammary infections (IMIs) during early lactation period. The bacteriological results showed highest IMIs rates (76.3%) in group E and lowest IMIs (2.0%) in group D (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most predominant udder pathogens in all groups except group D (only CNS). The mean IMIs incidence (20.5%) was significantly lower in treated cows (P<0.001). The treated cows had higher cure rates (81.9%) than control cows (23.1%) and overall efficacy of treatments on cure rates was 71.8% for all mastitis pathogens (P<0.0001). The productive and reproductive performances of the treated cows at postpartum and early lactation period remained always higher than their non-treated counterparts (P<0.001). A number of cow and herd related factors were identified to be significantly associated with mastitis (P<0.001). The results concluded that antimicrobial therapy had more beneficial effect in preventing mastitis over vitamin–mineral administration and intramammary infusion with dicloxacillin sodium remained as the best effective preventive strategies for mastitis in dairy cows.