Abstract
Studies of the crushing behavior of closed-cell, aluminum foam-filled aluminum and steel tubes have shown an interaction effect between tube wall and foam filler [1, 2, 3]. The crushing loads of foam-filled tubes are, therefore, found to be higher than the sum of the crushing loads of foam (alone) and tube (alone) mainly due to this effect. Santosa et al. [1], based on FEM results, proposed the following equation for the average crushing load of foam-filled square tubes of length b,
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