Effect of Acute Sprint Exercise on Myokines and Food Intake Hormones in Young Healthy Men.

Jan Bilski,Janusz Pokorski,Joanna Pokorska,Marcin Surmiak,Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Bialy,Jerzy A Zoladz,Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj,Ewa Nitecka,Tomasz Brzozowski,Agata Ptak-Belowska,Aneta Targosz,Jacek Nitecki

doi:10.3390/ijms21228848

Jan Bilski, Janusz Pokorski + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228848

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Abstract

Physical exercise is known to influence hormonal mediators of appetite, but the effect of short-term maximal intensity exercise on plasma levels of appetite hormones and cytokines has been little studied. We investigated the effect of a 30 s Wingate Test, followed by a postprandial period, on appetite sensations, food intake, and appetite hormones. Twenty-six physically active young males rated their subjective feelings of hunger, prospective food consumption, and fatigue on visual analogue scales at baseline, after exercise was completed, and during the postprandial period. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of nesfatin-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), human growth factor (hGH) and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin and plasma lactate concentrations, at 30 min before exercise, immediately (210 s) after exercise, and 30 min following a meal and at corresponding times in control sedentary males without ad libitum meal intake, respectively. Appetite perceptions and food intake were decreased in response to exercise. Plasma levels of irisin, IL-6, lactate, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin was increased after exercise and then it was returned to postprandial/control period in both groups. A significant rise in plasma insulin, hGH and PP levels after exercise was observed while meal intake potentiated this response. In conclusion, an acute short-term fatiguing exercise can transiently suppress hunger sensations and food intake in humans. We postulate that this physiological response involves exercise-induced alterations in plasma hormones and the release of myokines such as irisin and IL-6, and supports the notion of existence of the skeletal muscle–brain–gut axis. Nevertheless, the detailed relationship between acute exercise releasing myokines, appetite sensations and impairment of this axis leading to several diseases should be further examined.

Highlights

It is generally accepted that body mass depends on a balance between food intake and energy expenditure and that long-term energy surplus leads to obesity, recognized as the main economic and public health burden [1]
We have provided for the first time evidence that the acute maximal-intensity and short-duration bout of exercise caused an increase in plasma nesfatin-1 levels under fasting conditions of normal-weight subjects, with a concomitant reduction in self-reported hunger
The present study showed that acute short-term fatiguing exercise could transiently suppress hunger sensations and food intake in humans

Summary

Introduction

It is generally accepted that body mass depends on a balance between food intake and energy expenditure and that long-term energy surplus leads to obesity, recognized as the main economic and public health burden [1]. Epidemiological studies use the body mass index (BMI) to assess obesity at the population level. BMI allows for a reliable assessment of health risk at the population level, while at the individual level, apart from total obesity, the distribution of adipose tissue and a number of genetic and socio-economic factors should be taken into account. The serious bias and stigma faced by obese people can contribute to their increased morbidity and mortality [2]. The control of energy balance has been attributed mainly to the regulation of the appetite sensations hunger and satiety [3]. The mechanisms underlying feeding behavior are largely unknown; the neuroendocrine system, psychological factors and body composition may play an essential role in response to dietary and exercise interventions [3]

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