Abstract
BackgroundAcute reduction in dietary energy intake reduces very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) concentration. Although chronic dietary energy surplus and obesity are associated with hypertriglyceridemia, the effect of acute overfeeding on VLDL-TG metabolism is not known.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute negative and positive energy balance on VLDL-TG metabolism in healthy women.DesignTen healthy women (age: 22.0±2.9 years, BMI: 21.2±1.3 kg/m2) underwent a stable isotopically labeled tracer infusion study to determine basal VLDL-TG kinetics after performing, in random order, three experimental trials on the previous day: i) isocaloric feeding (control) ii) hypocaloric feeding with a dietary energy restriction of 2.89±0.42 MJ and iii) hypercaloric feeding with a dietary energy surplus of 2.91±0.32 MJ. The three diets had the same macronutrient composition.ResultsFasting plasma VLDL-TG concentrations decreased by ∼26% after hypocaloric feeding relative to the control trial (P = 0.037), owing to decreased hepatic VLDL-TG secretion rate (by 21%, P = 0.023) and increased VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate (by ∼12%, P = 0.016). Hypercaloric feeding increased plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.042) but had no effect on VLDL-TG concentration and kinetics compared to the control trial.ConclusionAcute dietary energy deficit (∼3MJ) leads to hypotriglyceridemia via a combination of decreased hepatic VLDL-TG secretion and increased VLDL-TG clearance. On the other hand, acute dietary energy surplus (∼3MJ) does not affect basal VLDL-TG metabolism but disrupts glucose homeostasis in healthy women.
Highlights
Elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, especially in women [1]
Hypercaloric feeding increased plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.042) but had no effect on very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) concentration and kinetics compared to the control trial
It has been shown previously that long term dietary energy restriction leading to weight loss decreases fasting total TG and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG concentrations after a period of weight stabilization, and this effect is mediated by a reduction in VLDL-TG secretion rate from the liver without changes in VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate [3,5]
Summary
Elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, especially in women [1]. Long-term energy imbalance can lead either to weight gain, associated with an increase in plasma TG concentrations [2], or weight loss, associated with a decrease in plasma TG concentrations [3]. Little is known about the acute effect of positive or negative energy balance, independently of changes in body weight and composition, on TG metabolism. It has been shown previously that long term dietary energy restriction leading to weight loss decreases fasting total TG and VLDL-TG concentrations after a period of weight stabilization, and this effect is mediated by a reduction in VLDL-TG secretion rate from the liver without changes in VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate [3,5]. Acute reduction in dietary energy intake reduces very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) concentration. Chronic dietary energy surplus and obesity are associated with hypertriglyceridemia, the effect of acute overfeeding on VLDL-TG metabolism is not known
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