Abstract
A three-dimensional multi-body model of the 50th percentile male human and discretized neck was built to evaluate the effect of active head restraint on cervical vertebrae injuries lessening in vehicle rear impact. The discretized neck includes of cervical spine vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles. The BioRID-II adult male dummy restrained using safety belt was seated on a sled, whose longitudinal velocity measured from rear impact FEM simulation was applied to simulate the relative motion of the head and neck. According to the interspinous ligament loads and the ligamenta flava loads of the cervical spine, an active head restraint and an impact absorber were designed to lessening the neck injuries in vehicle rear end collisions.
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